What is a money market fund and how do they work? | Vanguard (2024)

1Traditional bank savings accounts calculate interest using annual percentage yield (APY), while money market funds use the 7-day SEC yield formula. APY is the real rate of return earned on an investment, considering the effect of compounding interest. Compounding interest is calculated periodically, and the amount is almost immediately added to the balance. 7-day SEC yield is calculated based on the fund's average 7-day distribution and allows for comparison across many money market products. This yield includes distributions paid by the fund plus any appreciation over a 7-day period, minus average fees within 7 days.

2In 2016, the SEC began requiring institutional money market funds to have a floating share price like stock or bond funds. Institutional money market funds are intended for institutional investors, and Vanguard doesn't offer them to retail investors.

37-day SEC yield is calculated based on the fund's average 7-day distribution and allows for comparison across many money market products. This yield includes distributions paid by the fund plus any appreciation over a 7-day period, minus average fees incurred during 7 days.

4Recently instituted money market requirements will do away with gates and adjust when and how fees are applied. While rules aren't yet in effect, the rule amendments will become effective 60 days after publication in the Federal Register with a tiered transition period for funds to comply with the amendments. For more information, see the SEC press release regarding money market fund reforms and amendments.

5For the quarter-end, year-to-date, 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year periods ended December 31, 2023, 6 of 6 Vanguard money market funds, 70 of 83 Vanguard bond funds, 21 of 23 Vanguard balanced funds, and 124 of 136 Vanguard stock funds—for a total of 221 of 248 Vanguard funds—outperformed their Lipper peer-group averages. Only mutual funds and ETFs (exchange-traded funds) with a minimum quarter-, 1-, 3-, 5-, or 10-year history, respectively, were included in the comparison. Source: Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company. The competitive performance data shown represent past performance, which is not a guarantee of future results.View fund performance

For more information about Vanguard funds or ETFs, visit vanguard.com to obtain a prospectus or, if available, a summary prospectus. Investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other important information about a fund are contained in the prospectus; read and consider it carefully before investing.

You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Although the Fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it cannot guarantee it will do so. An investment in the Fund is not a bank account and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. The Fund’s sponsor is not required to reimburse the Fund for losses, and you should not expect that the sponsor will provide financial support to the Fund at any time, including during periods of market stress.

Bank deposits and CDs are guaranteed (within limits) as to principal and interest by an agency of the federal government.

Bank accounts can offer more liquidity, ATM access, and overdraft protection. You should consider all material differences before choosing to invest.

All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest.

While U.S. Treasury or government agency securities provide substantial protection against credit risk, they do not protect investors against price changes due to changing interest rates. Unlike stocks and bonds, U.S. Treasury bills are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest.

There may be other material differences between products that must be considered prior to investing.

Although the income from a municipal bond fund is exempt from federal tax, you may owe taxes on any capital gains realized through the fund's trading or through your own redemption of shares. For some investors, a portion of the fund's income may be subject to state and local taxes, as well as to the federal alternative minimum tax.

What is a money market fund and how do they work? | Vanguard (2024)

FAQs

What is a money market fund and how do they work? | Vanguard? ›

Money market funds are a type of mutual fund that invests in low-risk, short-term debt securities, such as Treasury bills, municipal debt, or corporate bonds.

What are two disadvantages of a money market fund? ›

Key takeaways

Disadvantages of money market accounts may include hefty minimum balance requirements and monthly fees — and you might be able to find better yields with other deposit accounts.

Is money market fund a good investment? ›

While money market funds aren't ideal for long-term investing due to their low returns and lack of capital appreciation, they offer a stable, secure investment option for individuals looking to invest for the short term.

How do you make money from money market funds? ›

Like other mutual funds, money market funds sell shares to investors who can then earn income from the portfolios. MMFs blend highly-rated, short-term securities with longer-dated securities (up to 397 days for most funds).

What is the 7 day yield on a money market fund? ›

What is the 7-day yield? The 7-Day Yield represents the annualized fund yield based on the average income paid out over the previous seven days assuming interest income is not reinvested and it reflects the effect of all applicable waivers. Absent such waivers, the fund's yield would have been lower.

Can money market funds lose value? ›

However, this only happens very rarely, but because money market funds are not FDIC-insured, meaning that money market funds can lose money.

Can a money market account lose money? ›

Since money market accounts are insured by the FDIC or the NCUA, you cannot lose the money you contribute to the account—even in the event of a bank failure. You can, however, be subject to fees and penalties that reduce your earnings.

Are money market funds safe in a crash? ›

How safe are money market funds? There is little risk associated with money market funds. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) mandates that only the highest-credit-rated securities are available in money market funds.

Do you pay taxes on money market accounts? ›

Income earned from money market fund interest is taxed as regular income, up to 37% depending on the investor's tax bracket. While some local and state taxes offer breaks on income earned from U.S. Treasury bonds, federal income tax still applies.

Are money market funds safe in a recession? ›

Money market funds can protect your assets during a recession, but only as a temporary fix and not for long-term growth. In times of economic uncertainty, money market funds offer liquidity for cash reserves that can help you build your portfolio.

What is the downside of a money market account? ›

Many accounts have monthly fees

Another drawback to remember is that while they have high yields, money market accounts can also come with cumbersome fees. Many banks and credit unions will impose monthly fees just for the upkeep of your account.

Does a money market fund pay monthly? ›

As customers deposit funds in a money market account, they earn interest on those funds. Typically, interest on money market accounts is compounded daily and paid monthly.

What are the risks of money market funds? ›

Because they invest in fixed income securities, money market funds and ultra-short duration funds are subject to three main risks: interest rate risk, liquidity risk and credit risk.

How long should you hold a money market fund? ›

Six to 12 months of living expenses are typically recommended for the amount of money that should be kept in cash in these types of accounts for unforeseen emergencies and life events. Beyond that, the money is essentially sitting and losing its value.

Are money market funds FDIC insured? ›

While money market funds aren't FDIC-insured, investments held in brokerage accounts (including money market funds) may be insured by SIPC. Unlike FDIC coverage, SIPC coverage doesn't insure the value of your investment—it protects you if your broker fails.

How often do money market funds pay interest? ›

“Typically a money market fund pays dividends monthly, which you can reinvest in the fund or have paid out to you,” says Richard Carter, vice president of fixed income products for money managers Fidelity. “As interest rates move higher…that drives up the rates you can achieve on money market funds.”

What is the biggest disadvantage of the money market? ›

Cons of Money Market Funds
  • Your Money Could Earn More Elsewhere. High-risk investments could provide better returns in the long run. ...
  • Your Funds Are Uninsured. If you open a CD or a checking, savings or money market account from a bank, your funds are FDIC-insured. ...
  • You Can Expect Fees.
Nov 14, 2023

What is one of the biggest disadvantages of money market? ›

Many accounts have monthly fees

Another drawback to remember is that while they have high yields, money market accounts can also come with cumbersome fees. Many banks and credit unions will impose monthly fees just for the upkeep of your account.

What are money market funds biggest risks? ›

Currency markets generally are not as regulated as securities markets. High yield fixed income securities are considered to be speculative and are subject to greater risk of loss, greater sensitivity to economic changes, valuation difficulties and potential illiquidity.

What is the risk of a money market account? ›

The biggest risk a money market account poses is that your money may lose value over time to inflation. Depending on inflation and the interest rate you earn with your money market account, inflation may outpace your MMA's earnings.

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