What are types of bonds? (2024)

Chemical bond:

1. Chemical bonds are defined as those bonds that are formed by the linking or joining of electrons to form a molecule or compound.
2. The chemical bonding occurs between two or more molecules, by loss, gain, or sharing of electrons.

Types of bond:

1. Covalent bond: These types of bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons.
2. The elements attain stability by completing the outermost shell of electrons and thus bonding with other atoms.
3. Example: A water molecule is an example of a covalent bond.
   
4. Metallic bond: These types of bonds are formed by the collective sharing of electrons.
5. The electrons collectively combine with other positive-charged metal ions.
6. Example: Sodium is a positively charged element with an electronic configuration$1{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{s}}^1$.
7. Therefore, Sodium is surrounded by a sea of electrons that mostly contains 3s electrons.
   
8. Ionic bond: The ionic bond is also called the electrovalent bond.
9. The ionic bonds are formed by the complete transfer of electrons.
10. Example: Sodium chloride is formed by Sodium cation and Chlorine anion.
11. The electronic configuration of Sodium is $1{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{s}}^1$and Chlorine contains$1{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{p}}^5$.
12. The Sodium cation contains 1 electron in its outermost shell which loses its electron to attain a stable configuration and Chlorine easily accepts this electron to attain the noble gas configuration.
13. The ionic bond formation occurs as follows:
    
14. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding can occur in polar molecules and it is a type of weaker bonding.
15. The bonding can occur in more electronegative atoms.
16. The electronegative atoms combine with a Hydrogen atom to form such bonds.
17. Example: A water molecule is an example of Hydrogen bonding.